{"id":2801,"date":"2020-07-07T19:56:57","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T17:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/?p=2801"},"modified":"2020-07-07T19:57:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T17:57:00","slug":"economie-utile-pour-des-temps-difficiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/?p=2801","title":{"rendered":"Economie utile pour des temps difficiles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:15% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"225\" data-attachment-id=\"2802\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/?attachment_id=2802\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/faugeron.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/9782021366563_1_m.jpg?fit=150%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"150,225\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"9782021366563_1_m\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/faugeron.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/9782021366563_1_m.jpg?fit=150%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/faugeron.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/9782021366563_1_m.jpg?resize=150%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2802\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Auteurs : Abhijit V. Banerjee &amp; Esther Duflo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">J&rsquo;aime bien quand des \u00e9conomistes, prix Nobel de surcro\u00eet, ont le courage d&rsquo;affirmer qu&rsquo;ils ne comprennent pas grand chose ; que la plupart des th\u00e9ories \u00e9conomiques sont d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de fondement, voire compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9menties par l&rsquo;histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces deux \u00e9conomistes du d\u00e9veloppement ont observ\u00e9 que les probl\u00e8mes de pauvret\u00e9 ont les m\u00eame sources et probablement les m\u00eames rem\u00e8des que ce soit dans un pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 ou non.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A ce sujet \u00e7a me fait penser \u00e0 un podcast d&rsquo;<em>entendez-vous l&rsquo;\u00e9co<\/em> dans lequel on parle de la fameuse courbe de Laffer. Celle-ci est cens\u00e9e d\u00e9montrer qu&rsquo;une imposition \u00e9lev\u00e9e nuit \u00e0 la croissance, ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement infirm\u00e9 par l&rsquo;histoire moderne et cette th\u00e9orie est devenue une esp\u00e8ce de dogme, si bien que plus personne, de droite ou de gauche, n&rsquo;ose \u00e9voqu\u00e9 l&rsquo;augmentation des imp\u00f4ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/player\/export-reecouter?content=f19eb72f-246e-4095-8763-c10c5909e14d\" width=\"481\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"137\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>On pourrait aussi parler de la th\u00e9orie du ruissellement qui n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e et qui est l&rsquo;une des cause principale des probl\u00e9matiques sociales actuelles en apportant un fondement th\u00e9orique \u00e0 suppression de l&rsquo;imp\u00f4t sur la fortune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Que les choses soient claires : les baisses d&rsquo;imp\u00f4t pour les riches ne produisent pas de croissance \u00e9conomique.<\/p><cite>Economie utile pour des temps difficiles, p 240<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce livre regorge de d\u00e9montage d&rsquo;id\u00e9es toute faites en s&rsquo;attachant \u00e0 montrer qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a pas de solutions simples, mais qu&rsquo;il y a beaucoup de choses que l&rsquo;on pourrait mettre en oeuvre pour am\u00e9liorer le sort des plus d\u00e9munis notamment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Les \u00e9conomistes sont plut\u00f4t des plombiers : ils r\u00e9solvent les probl\u00e8mes par un m\u00e9lange d\u2019intuition faite de science, de conjecture fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et d\u2019une bonne dose d\u2019essais et d\u2019erreurs<\/p><cite>Economie utile pour des temps difficiles<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi celles ci :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L&rsquo;immigration a un impact tr\u00e8s faible sur les salaires et les perspectives d&#8217;emploi des populations d&rsquo;accueil (\u00ab\u00a0les immigr\u00e9s votent avec leur pieds\u00a0\u00bb, ils vont l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les perspectives sont les meilleures.<\/li><li>La mondialisation a rendu le monde globalement plus riche, mais ces gains et pertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 distribu\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gale et cela se retourne maintenant contre les politiques qui pensaient (pensent toujours) que les travailleurs seraient capables de changer de lieu de vie et, ou,  de travail et que s&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;en \u00e9taient pas capables, c&rsquo;\u00e9tait de leur faute<\/li><li>Vu dans le temps long &#8211; concept que j&rsquo;aime bien parce qu&rsquo;il nous remet \u00e0 notre place &#8211; la croissance \u00e9conomique du si\u00e8cle dernier est une anormalit\u00e9. Nous retrouvons aujourd&rsquo;hui une croissance \u00e9conomique \u00ab\u00a0normale\u00a0\u00bb. Et surtout, personne n&rsquo;est aujourd&rsquo;hui en mesure de donner une recette \u00e0 la croissance. La seule chose de claire c&rsquo;est que l&rsquo;on ne sait pas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour une synth\u00e8se plus compl\u00e8te, c&rsquo;est <a href=\"https:\/\/www.melchior.fr\/sites\/melchior\/files\/note_de_lecture\/Synth%C3%A8se%20note%20lecture%20Economie%20utile.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-rating-star\" style=\"text-align:left\" itemprop=\"reviewRating\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Rating\"><p><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2b50<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2b50<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2b50<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2b50<\/span><\/p><span style=\"display: none;\" itemprop=\"worstRating\" content=\"0.5\"><span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n<span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"display: none;\" ><span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n<span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"display: none;\" ><span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n<span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"display: none;\" ><span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n<span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"is-rating-unfilled\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"display: none;\" itemprop=\"bestRating\" content=\"5\"><span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"is-rating-unfilled\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n<span>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path class=\"is-rating-unfilled\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12,17.3l6.2,3.7l-1.6-7L22,9.2l-7.2-0.6L12,2L9.2,8.6L2,9.2L7.5,14l-1.6,7L12,17.3z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/span><span itemprop=\"ratingValue\" class=\"screen-reader-text\" content=\"3.5\">Note\u00a0: 3.5\u00a0sur 5.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"twitter-share\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?via=ledza3\" class=\"twitter-share-button\">Tweet<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auteurs : Abhijit V. Banerjee &amp; Esther Duflo J&rsquo;aime bien quand des \u00e9conomistes, prix Nobel de surcro\u00eet, ont le courage d&rsquo;affirmer qu&rsquo;ils ne comprennent pas grand chose ; que la plupart des th\u00e9ories \u00e9conomiques sont d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de fondement, voire compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9menties par l&rsquo;histoire. Ces deux \u00e9conomistes du d\u00e9veloppement ont observ\u00e9 que les probl\u00e8mes de pauvret\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,82,4],"tags":[173,174],"class_list":["post-2801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","category-essai","category-lectures","tag-developpement","tag-pauvrete"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p74TSi-Jb","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2801"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2809,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2801\/revisions\/2809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faugeron.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}